05 11
query order:
- FROM/WHERE
- add ROWNUM to every row from FROM/WHERE
- SELECT
- GROUP BY
- HAVING
- ORDER BY
05 05
1. Disk partioning:
fdisk /dev/sda
n – create new partition
t – create partition with type RAID (fd – Linux raid autodetect)
2. Create array:
mdadm –create /dev/md[nr] –level=[0|1|etc] –raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
3. Format array:
mkfs.ext3 /dev/md[nr]
4. Create directory
5. Mount array
6. Add to /etc/fstab
echo “/dev/md[nr] /[katalog] defaults 0 2″ >>etc/fstab
7. Create file /etc/mdadm.conf
echo “DEVICE /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1″ > /etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm –detail –scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm –detail –scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf
General:
mdadm –add /dev/md[nr] /dev/sda2 #add disk to synchronize with array
mdadm -E /dev/sda1 #info about device inside array
cat /proc/mdstat #present state of array
mdadm –stop /dev/md[nr] #stop array, free devices
mdadm –assemble #mount arrary
mdadm –detail –scan #info about components from /proc/mdstat
mdadm -E /dev/sda1 #info about device inside array
cat /proc/mdstat #present state of array
mdadm –stop /dev/md[nr] #stop array, free devices
mdadm –assemble #mount arrary
mdadm –detail –scan #info about components from /proc/mdstat
05 03
running mode:
| STARTUP NOMOUNT | startup instance and occupy memory read pfile in order: - spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora or - spfile.ora or - init$ORACLE_SID.ora (for winshit it is necessary run service which open ORACLE.EXE [instance_name] and only one process unlike many processes at -nix systems) |
| STARTUP MOUNT | mount database to instance, read controlfile, allocating database structure |
| STARTUP OPEN | open database for all users |
| STARTUP READ ONLY | open database for all users but read only |
| TARTUP FORCE | restart database as SHUTDOWN ABORT and startup again |
| STARTUP RESTRICT | open database for users with priviele RESTRICTED SESSION, if you want to open for all put ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION |
| STARTUP UPGRADE | open database for AS SYSDBA, prepare database to upgrade |
shutdown mode:
| SHUTDOWN | disallow new connections and wait for finish session for present users |
| SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL | disallow new connections, disallow new transactions, when transactions was finished, all users are disconnected |
| SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE | disallow new connections, all transactions which was not commit are rollback and users are disconnected |
| SHUTDOWN ABORT | disallow new connections, all transactions are interupted, not rollback, users are disconnected, during next startup database allow recovery |
run order:
spfile[db_sid].ora
spfile.ora
pfile[sb_sid].ora
pfile.ora
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